Starting and growing a small business requires capital, and one of the most common ways to secure funding is through small business loans. In Canada, there are various funding options available to entrepreneurs, each with its own eligibility criteria and terms. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the different types of small business loans in Canada, discuss their eligibility requirements, and provide you with valuable insights to help you navigate the funding landscape.

Traditional Bank Loans:

Banks are a popular choice for small business loans in Canada. Banks can offer competitive interest rates and longer repayment terms, making them an attractive option for established businesses with a strong financial record. However, gaining eligibility for these loans means meeting strict criteria and fulfilling specific requirements. The Federal Reserve’s report states that only 31% of business receive all the funds they applied for, making it important to thoroughly understand eligibility requirements so you can maximize your chances of both approval and funding amount. Some eligibility factors and prerequisites that will be considered are the following:

• Credit History and Assessment

Banks will typically conduct a thorough assessment of your credit history, looking both at personal and business credit scores. For personal credit, a minimum score of around 650 is often required to qualify for a small business loan. Similarly, a business credit score of 670 would be considered good. Any track history of bankruptcies, foreclosures, or significant delinquencies may adversely impact loan eligibility.

• Comprehensive Business Plan

A well-documented business plan is essential for demonstrating the viability and potential of the business. Banks expect a detailed plan outlining the business’s objectives, target market, competitive analysis, marketing strategy, financial projections, and management team expertise. The plan should showcase the business’s growth potential and ability to generate sufficient revenue to repay the loan.

• Collateral for Loan Security

Banks typically require collateral to secure the loan. This helps mitigate their risk in case of default. Collateral can include assets such as real estate, equipment, vehicles, or accounts receivable. The value of the collateral must typically exceed the loan amount and should be easily liquidated in the event of non-payment. Businesses with valuable assets available for collateralization have a higher chance of securing larger loans or more favorable terms. 

• Financial Track Record

A strong financial track record is critical for loan approval. Banks assess factors such as revenue stability, profitability, cash flow management, and debt-to-equity ratio. They may require a minimum of two to three years of financial statements, including income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements. Positive trends in revenue growth, profit margins, and debt management will enhance your credibility and increase the likelihood of loan approval. 

• Business Viability and Industry Analysis

When applying for a loan, banks will analyze the overall viability of the business and its industry outlook before extending a loan. Banks will analyze market demand, competitive landscape, regulatory environment, and potential risks. Businesses operating in stable, growth-oriented industries with strong market demand and favorable economic conditions are more likely to meet banks’ eligibility criteria. 

• Documentation and Compliance

Applicants will need to provide comprehensive documentation to support their loan application, including personal and business tax returns, financial statements, business licenses, legal documents, and proof of collateral ownership. Ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements and accurately presenting financial information enhances credibility and improves the loan approval process. 

Government Grants and Loans:

The Canadian government offers various grants and loans to support small businesses. Programs like the Canada Small Business Financing Program (CSBFP) provide access to loans with favorable terms, such as low interest rates and longer repayment periods. However, eligibility requirements and application processes for government funding can be stringent and time-consuming. 

For the CSBFP, the eligibility requirements are the following:

• Business must be a for-profit entity operating in Canada
• Eligible businesses typically must have annual revenues below a specific threshold, which varies depending on the industry. Typically, this is revenue below $10M.
• Certain industries, such as real estate, farming, and religious organizations, may be excluded from eligibility

Credit Unions:

Credit unions are member-owned financial cooperatives that provide loans and other financial services to their members. They often have more flexible lending criteria compared to traditional banks. Credit unions focus on supporting local businesses and fostering community development. Building a relationship with a credit union can be beneficial as they may provide personalized advice and assistance throughout the loan application process.

Specific eligibility requirements include:

• Membership to the Credit Union

To access financing from a credit union, businesses typically need to become members of the credit union by opening an account. Membership eligibility requirements vary but may include factors such as geographic location, affiliation with specific organizations or industries, or demographic characteristics.

• Relationship Building

Credit unions prioritize building long-term relationships with their members. While credit history and financial metrics still play a role in loan approval, credit unions may place greater emphasis on factors such as member loyalty, community involvement, and the potential for mutual benefit.

• Commitment to Local Economy

Credit unions often prioritize financing for businesses that contribute to the local economy and community development. Businesses with a demonstrated commitment to local sourcing, job creation, sustainability, or social responsibility may receive favorable consideration for financing from credit unions.

Online Lenders:

In recent years, online lenders have gained popularity as a quick and convenient source of small business financing. These lenders often have simpler application processes, faster approval times, and less stringent eligibility requirements compared to traditional lenders. As with any loan, it’s crucial to carefully review the terms and conditions before accepting any loan offers.

While eligibility requirements differ between lenders, some general requirements are the following:

• Minimum Credit Score

Most online lenders have minimum credit score requirements for loan applicants. While specific thresholds vary between lenders, a credit score of around 600 to 650 is typically considered the minimum for eligibility. At Forward Funding, our minimum requirement is a business credit score of 600.

• Business Revenue

Online lenders assess a business’s revenue history to gauge its financial stability and repayment capacity. While requirements vary, most lenders prefer to work with businesses that have consistent revenue streams. Generally, a business should demonstrate sufficient monthly or annual revenue to cover loan repayments comfortably. Our minimum requirement is typically $10,000 a month in sales revenue.

• Time in Business

The length of time a business has been operating is another crucial factor considered by online lenders. While some lenders may accept applications from startups, most prefer to work with established businesses with a proven track record. Typically, businesses should have been operational for at least six months to one year to qualify for financing. However, longer operating histories may increase eligibility and access to larger loan amounts.

• Canadian Bank Account

A Canadian bank account is another requirement. This makes it possible to assess the applicant’s banking history as well as deposit the funds electronically.

Microloans and Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs):

Microloans are small loans typically ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand dollars, designed for early-stage businesses or entrepreneurs with limited credit history. Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) are nonprofit organizations that offer microloans and other financial services to underserved communities. Eligible borrowers are often those operating in low-income neighborhoods, rural areas, or communities facing economic challenges. These loans can be an excellent option for startups or businesses in disadvantaged areas.

Business Lines of Credit:

A business line of credit functions similarly to a credit card. It provides you with a predetermined credit limit that you can draw from whenever you need it. You only pay interest on the amount you borrow, making it a flexible funding option. Business lines of credit are particularly useful for managing cash flow fluctuations or financing short-term needs.

Here’s a recap of the typical eligibility requirements for most loan products in Canada:

Credit Score:

A strong credit score demonstrates your ability to manage debt responsibly. Lenders use it to assess your creditworthiness and determine the interest rate and loan terms you qualify for.

Business Plan and Financial Projections:

Having a well-structured business plan and financial projections that demonstrate the potential for profitability and growth will increase your chances of securing a loan. Lenders want to see that you have a solid strategy in place and a clear understanding of your industry and target market.

Collateral and Personal Guarantees:

Lenders may require collateral, such as real estate or equipment, to secure the loan. Personal guarantees may also be necessary, which means you’ll be personally responsible for repaying the loan if your business cannot.

Time in Business and Industry Experience:

The length of time your business has been operating and your industry experience can influence loan eligibility. Established businesses with a proven track record are generally seen as less risky borrowers.

Cash Flow and Debt Service Coverage Ratio:

Lenders evaluate your business’s cash flow to ensure you can afford to make loan payments. They will calculate the debt service coverage ratio (DSCR) to assess your ability to meet your financial obligations.

Navigating the world of small business loans in Canada can be overwhelming, but understanding the funding options available and the eligibility requirements is a crucial first step. Research and compare lenders, assess your financial situation, and prepare a comprehensive loan application package to increase your chances of securing the funding you need to start or grow your small business. Remember, each lender is different, so it’s essential to explore multiple options and choose the one that best aligns with your business’s goals and financial needs.